Acute renal failure (ARF), commonly referred to as acute kidney injury (AKI), is a brief period of kidney damage or malfunction which lasts some few hours to a few days.
The kidneys struggle to maintain the proper balance of fluids in the body when waste products accumulate in the body.
AKI includes 4 stages:
(I) initiation,
(II) oligo-anuria,
(III) polyuria, and
(IV) restitution.
The onset phases of ARF are best described by stage 1, which is called Initiation.
The initial phase of kidney damage is characterized by a 25% reduction in renal blood flow as well as tissue oxygenation, as well as a decrease in urine output to less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr, as a result of events including such blood loss, dehydration, burns, diabetes insipidus, or infection.
This phase last hours to days.
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