Answer:
Job enlargement
Explanation:
Job enlargement means increasing the scope of a job through extending the range of its job duties and responsibilities generally within the same level and periphery. Job enlargement involves combining various activities at the same level in the organization and adding them to the existing job. It is also called the horizontal expansion of job activities. This contradicts the principles of specialization and the division of labor whereby work is divided into small units, each of which is performed repetitively by an individual worker and the responsibilities are always clear. Some motivational theories suggest that the boredom and alienation caused by the division of labor can actually cause efficiency to fall. Thus, job enlargement seeks to motivate workers through reversing the process of specialization. A typical approach might be to replace assembly lines with modular work; instead of an employee repeating the same step on each product, they perform several tasks on a single item. In order for employees to be provided with Job Enlargement they will need to be retrained in new fields to understand how each field works.
The objective of job enlargement is to motivate an employee by increasing his efforts and exposure towards achieving the organizational objectives as set for the job. By doing this, an employee can get a wider range of his or her objectives without his or her job in a repetitious manner. Job enlargement requires the management of the organization to provide their support in providing appropriate training to the employees to make them able to adapt to the enlarged job scope.
Some advantages of job enlargement are a variety of skills, improves earning capacity, and wide range of activities.
- Variety of skills – Job enlargement helps the organization to improve and increase the skills of the employee due to organization as well as the individual benefit.
- Improves earning capacity – with all the new activities a person learns from job enlargement, they are able to try to get a better salary when they apply for a new job.
- Wide range of activities – Employees are able to learn more activities which can help a company save money by reducing the number of employees they have.
Answer:
A. determining the likelihood that vulnerable system will be attacked by specific threats.
Explanation:
When carrying out risk management, it is important to first identify the risks, and then to assess and prioritize the risks in order of likely occurrence, and the find ways to reduce them.
In the <u>risk identification stage, it is important to </u><u>determine what systems are vulnerable and how likely they are to be attacked by specific threats.</u>
When firms compete by offering unique product features rather than competing on price, <u>non-price competition</u> occurs; it is when businesses employ tactics to boost sales and market shares without lowering prices.
What is non-price competition?
In non-price competition, a company "seeks to distinguish its product or service from competing items on the basis of features like design and workmanship," according to a marketing strategy. Because it exists between two or more producers who sell goods and services at the same prices but seek to expand their respective market shares by non-price factors like marketing strategies and higher quality, it frequently happens in imperfectly competitive markets.
Types of Non-Price Competition:
Marketing involves a range of approaches (based round the 4Ps), including product differentiation, advertising, promotion and distribution
Learn more about non-price competition here:
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Answer:
e. All of the above
Explanation:
All options are possible certainly. The unions have the right to ask the employees to participate with the expectation that entitlement may follow from the study results. The study results are certainly going to ensure entitlement. Also, the employer might encourage or deny the participation of the workers as this is management work. It is on the employer that he allows or denies the employee from taking part in the meeting. Also, the employee might be pressurized by the management to take part in the study as the employer perceives the study are advantageous to the organization. This is a certainty as well, an employer might see profit in this. And the studies will affect the employee's pay, benefits as well as the promotion potential. The meeting is certainly going to increase employee's pay as well as provide him various benefits, and there are chances of promotion as well. Hence, all the options are correct.
Lawful, because you have the freedom of speech in the U.S.
