The most difficult task confronting many Southerners during Reconstruction was devising a new system of labor to replace the shattered world of slavery. The economic lives of planters, former slaves, and nonslaveholding whites, were transformed after the Civil War.
The theory hypothesizes that non-traditional behavior develops in crowds as a result of the emergence of
new behavioral norms in response to a precipitating crisis.New conventions must form as part of the collective action.
