More protons in the inter membrane space of the mitochondrial than in the mitochondrial matrix is what contributes to the creation of the proton gradient.
The answer would be D. The gametes of sexually-reproducing organisms reshuffle through crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis, creating genetic variation in their offspring.
Tip: remember mitosis (my toes has nothing to do with sex) so meiosis is the opposite of it.
The hydrogen side of the molecule has a slightly negative charge.