30/3 is a fraction so it wouldn't be considered a integer or whole number. If you reduce it to 10, them it would be consider a whole number, integer, and a rational number. But now, it is only a rational number.
Lets say there were 100 people and 40 ate sandwiches on the first day then 25 percent of 40 is 10, so 10 had sandwiches two days in a row i would say it is true