The key reason for the post war cash crunch in America was that almost all of America's resources and economy had been put towards the war, meaning it was hard to transition back to consumer goods.
Answer:
1. They are discussing what should happen when they arrive at Plymouth Rock.
2. The bible
3. The right side appears to have a lot of supplies for the journey, and the left side looks like it has a desk to write on.
4. The artist's message is that we should all work together to make a great life for each other in a new place.
In the United States, it was largely "white land-holding men" who controlled vast wealth and many businesses and had great influence on US finances during this time, since they had the most political power as well.