The vertical shifts in graphs are caused by a constant added to the output (y - axis).
<h3>What is vertical shift in a graph?</h3>
Vertical shifts are outside changes that affect the output (y- axis) values and shift the function up or down (vertical direction).
Horizontal shifts are inside changes that affect the input (x-) axis values and shift the function left or right
<h3>The cause of vertical shift in a graph</h3>
The vertical shift results from a constant added to the output (y - axis). The graph will move up if the constant added is positive OR it will move down if the constant is negative.
Thus, the vertical shifts in graphs are caused by a constant added to the output (y - axis).
Learn more about vertical shifts in graph here: brainly.com/question/27653529
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