A 9-year-old girl diagnosed with type 2 diabetes represents an increasingly common pediatric medical scenario currently present in the United States. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is primarily an insulin-resistant state with a gradual decrease in beta cell function. It was formally known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), adult-onset diabetes, or stable diabetes.
Clinical diabetes mellitus can also result from a big number of pathologic procedures. Beta cell destruction due to pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, or surgery can lead to an insulinopenic condition that requires insulin injections. Pharmaceuticals including streptozocin, cyclosporin, and corticosteroids can also lead to clinically high blood sugars. About 2 percent of the American people have some form of diabetes mellitus. About 85 percent of all patients (adults and children) with diabetes mellitus are classified as type 2. Since type 2 diabetes mellitus is often very subtle, the number of undiagnosed patients with diabetes mellitus is significant. The other 15 percent of patients with diabetes mellitus nationwide are categorized as type 1. In the pediatric population, type 1 diabetes makes up a larger proportion of the cases. Although our estimations are quite crude, some centers report that around 98 percent of their children with diabetes have the Type 1 variety.
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