A client is admitted to the emergency department with inspiratory stridor and air hunger. When anticipating treatment, the nurse will prepare Epinephrine medication for administration.
Using a G protein-linked second messenger pathway, epinephrine, a sympathomimetic catecholamine, exerts its pharmacologic effects on both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. In modest doses, it has a stronger affinity for beta receptors.
Large doses, however, have a selective effect on alpha receptors. Epinephrine causes enhanced vascular smooth muscle contraction, pupillary dilator muscle contraction, and intestinal sphincter muscle contraction via acting on alpha-1 receptors.
Increased heart rate, myocardial contractility, and renin release via beta-1 receptors are additional major effects. In addition to vasodilation, tocolysis, and increased aqueous humour production, beta-2 effects result in bronchodilation, which may be helpful as an adjunct therapy for asthma exacerbations.
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