A significant development in the twentieth century that has changed the notion of sex as reproduction to sex as pleasure is: modern methods of contraception.
Contemporary scholarship on the history of sexuality is rooted in late-twentieth-century social movements which have actively sought to reshape the sexual landscape. The radicalism of the 1960s spawned not only a "sexual revolution" but also a "New Social History. As historians focused on everyday life, household structure, demography, they considered sexual matters through studies of fertility, marriage, "illegitimacy," and the changing structure and content of family relations. Since the mid-1970s, the greatest energy for studies of sexuality has come from women's history and gay studies. Scholars with ties to the fem inist and gay/lesbian liberation movements have studied the history of sexuality with an eye to understanding the interplay between dominance, power, pleasure, and resistance in sexual relations.
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