Lean persons may acquire a lipid profile with raised LDL- and HDL-cholesterol levels and reduced triglycerides when they follow carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRDs) (TGs). This lipid profile's intensity is correlated with BMI, therefore people with lower BMIs show greater rises in both LDL-C and HDL-C. Lean Mass Hyper-Responders (LMHR) is a subset of people who, while having normal pre-diet LDL-C, as shown by the inverse relationship between BMI and changes in LDL-C and HDL-C on CRD, respond to weight loss by increasing their HDL-C and LDL-C levels. revealed a substantial hyperlipidemic response to a CRD, with mean LDL-C and HDL-C levels rising to 320 and 99 mg/dL, respectively, in the context of mean TG of 47 mg/dL, as opposed to non-LMHR (mean values of 148 and 145 mg/dL, respectively). Again, with very normal pre-diet LDL-C and the absence of genetic evidence suggestive of familial hypercholesterolemia in those who have been examined, some LMHR may have LDL-C levels above 500 mg/dL.With carbohydrate restriction in lean individuals, the increased dependence on fat as a metabolic substrate drives increased hepatic secretion and peripheral uptake of TG contained within very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), resulting in marked elevations of LDL-C and HDL-C and low TG, according to the Lipid Energy Model (LEM), which aims to explain this metabolic phenomenon. Here, we go through the LEM's main characteristics. We examine various lines of existing research that support the model and make recommendations for how to test its predictions.
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