Answer:
Kupffer cells, also known as stellate macrophages due to their particular structure while viewed under a microscope, were first identified by scientist Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer, after whom the cells were named, in 1876.
These cells, whose origin is in the yolk sack during fetal development, later on move to the liver where they will stay and further differentiate into their mature versions.
These cells are part of the liver cells, and are found particularly on the walls of the sinusoids, where they perform their two most important tasks. First, these cells are part of the immune system, as they are essentially macrophages. However, their role is pretty unique, as they are responsible not just for phagocytosis of invading bacteria, and other pathogens, and initiating immune responses, but also, this cell plays a role in decomposing red blood cells who are dying, and taking up the hemoglobin from them to further break that into reusable globin, and the heme group, from which iron is further extracted to be re-used and also to create bilirrubin, a part of bile.
Finally, these cells have been found to be connected to hepatic cirrhosis, as in their process of detoxifying ethanol, they produce toxins that force the liver cells to produce collagen, and thus to become fibrous.
Answer:
As a patient advocate you should always be looking out for the best interest of the patient. You should ensure their autonomy by directing their care based on their wishes. Patient confidentiality must always be maintained. You need to ensure the patient understands all aspects of their care and that patient needs are always met.
Explanation:
Answer:
The onset, and treatment of PTSD is no easy matter. In order for such a disorder to appear, which is later expressed with tremendous peaks of stress, crisis, behavioral problems, panic disorders, anxiety disorders, and many more debilitating conditions, a person must have experienced an event, or circumstance, that traumatically negatively impacted the correct psychological and emotional processes of the mind. In these patients, one the most common situations is that panic attacks and anxiety peaks happen particularly when the traumatic event, moment, or circumstance is remembered, and they are very good at remembering not just the moment itself, but all elements that surrounded that trauma. Also, they are able to make really clear connections and associations between those events and normal events in life that, when they appear, trigger the defensive responses of the mind.
The idea of administering a patient with PTSD with medication that would stop memory formation shortly after a traumatic event would not be a good idea simply because while the drugs focus on the chemical processes involved in memory formation, this procedure ignores that memory is much more than just chemicals in the brain. This has been show time and time again in research. Even with strong medication that basically generates amnesia, or trauma to the brain that may cause amnesia, it has been seen, and science cannot yet fully explain how, these patients may have partial, or total recovery of memories. And because the process of memory formation is still so misunderstood, and not all the factors involved are completely known, simply administering a drug that would stop the hormones that are believed to play a role in memory formation could become more of a problem for the patient. Also it is not being considered that amnesia causes even more stress in patients, as somehow the brain still recognizes that there is information present, but cannot simply bring it to concious awareness.
Answer:
I believe the code is E11.31.
Explanation:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus with unsp diabetic retinopathy. Code for that is E11.31.
16; D. all of the above
explanation; the gluteus maximus works with the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles, extending the thigh. it is, indeed, located in the buttocks, and can be used as an injection site.
17; D. both B and C
explanation; the latissimus dorsi collaborates with the teres major and pectoralis major to adduct and medially rotate the arm at it’s glenohumeral joint.
