Mao's two great campaigns, the great leap forward and the cultural revolution resulted in the death and ruin of tens of millions, and the widespread discrediting of communism.
In the end, the Great Leap Forward was a catastrophic failure. In just a few years, millions perished due to famine, disease, overwork, and execution. Great Leap Forward shattered communities and eradicated older modes of life by splintering families and forcing men, women, and children to relocate to various areas. Farmland was ruined by inefficient farming methods, and trees were cut down to heat the steel mills. Thirty percent to forty percent of the dwelling stock was demolished to gather resources for communal projects. In manufacturing, huge amounts of resources were squandered on projects that added no value to the end product.
In 1981, the CCP admitted that the Cultural Revolution had been a mistake, saying it was "responsible for the most severe setback and the biggest losses experienced by the people, the country, and the party since the formation of the People's Republic."
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