Mutualism: An example of mutualism are egret and piapiac birds. These birds use elephants as an advantage point to spot prey and to pick off ticks, lice or endoparasites that get attached to the elephant. As elephants travel through the forest, many seeds from the trees fall onto their backs which these birds use for food.
Commensalism:An example of commensalism within the tropical grassland and savanna is the relationship between the elephant and birds in the environment*. Birds will perch on an elephants back and feed off of them. They search for and eat the insects that crawl on the elephants back.
parasitism:The parasites that are most often found on elephants are gad flies, fleas, hair lice, lice, and bot flies. External parasites harm elephants in various ways: Irritated adults will eat less, and calves will grow slowly.
competition:A South African study shows for the first time that elephants and rhinoceros compete for food. By analyzing the poop of black rhinoceros and African elephants, researchers from South Africa have shown that the two species compete for food. This is the first study to show direct competition between these megaherbivores.
predation:Hyenas and lions are classified as elephant predators.
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