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Andrei [34K]
1 year ago
9

Cytokines trigger endothelial cells to express specific receptors called _____ , which bind to _____ on the surface of neutrophi

ls.
Biology
1 answer:
Elina [12.6K]1 year ago
7 0

Cytokines trigger endothelial cells to express specific receptors called selectins, which bind to carbohydrates on the surface of neutrophils.

Cytokines are the proteinaceous structures predominant in cell signaling. They also regulate the growth of immune cells and blood cells. They can also occur in the form of glycoproteins. The example of cytokines are interleukins, interferons, chemokines and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF).

Selectins are the transmembrane proteins that span the lipid bilayer only once. They belong to the family Cell Adhesion Molecules. They perform role in processes like  inflammation, lymphocyte homing, immunological responses, etc. They are localized on the membranes of endothelial cells, leukocytes and platelets.

To know more about cytokines, here

brainly.com/question/14728085

#SPJ4

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A DNA fragment is introduced into the lacZ gene of a plasmid, which also contains an ampicillin resistance gene. What is the app
zhenek [66]

Answer: The bacteria transformed with this particular plasmid will form white colonies on the plates containing ampicillin and Xgal.

Explanation: The lacZ gene produces an enzyme called β-galactosidase which is responsible for the breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose. The lacZ gene is one of the three genes (the other two being lacA and lacY) of the lac operon which is responsible for the transport and mechanism of lactose in E. coli and many other bacteria.

In recombinant DNA technology, when a plasmid is to be used to transform a host cell, such markers are used to help screen the transformed cells from the ones that have not taken up the plasmid. Xgal present in the plates is an artificial substrate which is hydrolyzed by

β-galactosidase into 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl which will dimerize and oxidise into 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'dichloro-indigo. This is a blue pigment which will give blue color to the bacterial cells. Introducing a DNA fragment in this lacZ gene will make it non-functional so it will not be able to produce the enzyme.

Therefore, when a bacterial cell is transformed with a plasmid containing ampicillin resistance gene and a DNA fragment introduced in the lacZ gene and then grown on plates containing ampicillin and Xgal, white colored colonies will appear. The white colonies will show the bacterial cells that have successfully taken up the plasmid with the DNA fragment incorporated in the lacZ gene as this will render the gene non-functional and will not produce β-galactosidase which will breakdown Xgal to give blue colonies. Since the plates contain ampicillin, only the bacterial cells that have been successfully transformed with the plasmid ( the ones that have the DNA fragment and the ones without it) will grow as the ampicillin resistance will give them resistance against ampicillin in the plates. The bacterial cells that have not taken up the plasmid will not be resistant to ampicillin and will not form colonies on the plate.

This is called blue-white screening which is used to identify successfully transformed host cells. A picture of this is given in the attachment, taken from the following website:

https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Blue_&_White_Colonies.html

8 0
3 years ago
Which describes how proteins are used in mating by Japanese beetles? A.Male and female beetles combine proteins to form offsprin
Mice21 [21]

The answer is C. Pheromones are hormones (which are proteinous) produces by individuals of the same species and are a means to send communication signals for social interactions. They signal alarm, food and even sex. Sex pheromones are  released by females beetles into the environment to signal their availability for mating. The pheromones are picked up by receptors on the male beetles and this is how they find the females.  

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
dalton propuso que el atomo posee electrones localizados en orbitas que rodean el nucleo. Cada orbita presenta una cantidad de e
Scilla [17]
Es una experiencia guiada por pensamientos críticos
4 0
3 years ago
ANSWER FIRST AND GET BRAINIEST
Zina [86]

Answer:

heres the site that could help cause this is where i got it <em>https://futureofworking.com/6-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-selective-breeding/</em>

Explanation:

examples

It gives us an opportunity to focus on specialization.

Selective breeding can be used to refine a species.

The desirable traits for humans may not be reflective of species’ needs.

It helps to provide a food chain with better sustainability.

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3 years ago
What do humans &amp; animals do with the co2 produced when glucose breaks down?
Vinil7 [7]
They breathe it out.
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