Answer: Circuit level
Explanation:
The processing of the information in the spinal cord involves the circuit level. The processing of the circuit level involves the transmission of information in ascending order.
These pathway delivers the information to the regions of the cerebral cortex in the form of impulses. In this way the information reaches the somatosensory organs of the body.
These impulses helps in localization and perception of the stimulus.
Patient A is suffering from anemia, due to underproduction of hemoglobin
Explanation:
Patient A’s blood cell count:
Hemoglobin: 5g/dL
RBC: 4.6 x 106 cells/ml
WBC: 15,000 cells/ml
Platelets: 250,000
Results inferred from the count: Low hemoglobin, low normal RBC, high WBC, normal platelets count
Hemophilia is an inherited blood clotting disorder, where due to excessive bleeding, blood hemoglobin, RBC, and platelets can go lower. The low hemoglobin is due excessive loss of blood and not due to underproduction of hemoglobin. Moreover, patient A’s platelet count is normal. Hence, hemophilia can be ruled out.
Since the hemoglobin and RBC count is low, it clearly indicates low production of these blood cell components, leading to anemia. However, the increase in WBC leads can be due any other underlying medical conditions like infections, hemolytic anemia, leukemia etc.
Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms with no nucleus, and so this would make bacteria a prime example. Therefore, depending upon the system being used, the kingdom that contains single-celled prokaryotes could be Monera, or the combination of Archaeobacteria and Eubacteria.
The kingdom systems, which were previously taught in high school, consisted of a 5-kingdom system which was later expanded to 6. The 5- kingdom included Animals, Plants, Fungi, Monera and Protists. The 6- kindgom system expanded Monera into Archaeobacteria and Eubacteria.
The "kingdom" system of classification is now generally not recognized as a valid or helpful way of classification, at least not according to modern evidence. It tends to be "paraphyletic", meaning that it describes relationships which do not match the evolutionary relationships of the organisms being described, and tends to favor human conventions rather than biological evidence. Kingdoms have generally been replaced by "domains" in terms of organizing relationships between organisms, referring to the prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaea, based on genetic and protein data.
The answer is A. random gene pool changes in small population.
Commensalism- where both organism isn’t helped or harmed
