Answer:
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the commonest causes of medication error in developed countries, particularly in the elderly due to poly-therapy, with a prevalence of 20-40%. In particular, poly-therapy increases the complexity of therapeutic management and thereby the risk of clinically important DDIs, which can both induce the development of adverse drug reactions or reduce the clinical efficacy. DDIs can be classify into two main groups: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. In this review, using Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and Reference lists we searched articles published until June 30 2012, and we described the mechanism of pharmacokinetic DDIs focusing the interest on their clinical implications.
Keywords: Absorption, adverse drug reaction, distribution, drug-drug interactions, excretion, metabolism, poly-therapy
Answer:
The answer is B: All the muscle cells innervated by a single motor neurorn.
Explanation:
It is called a motor unit, all muscle fibers that are innervated by a motor neuron cell. A motor neuron cell can establish contact with up to 150 muscle fibrils, which when activated causes their simultaneous contraction, therefore, all the muscle fibers of a motor unit contract and relax at the same time.
Answer:
The correct answer will be option B-left atrium.
Explanation:
The coronary circulation is the circulation of blood and nutrients to the myocardium of the heart on both sides.
The coronary system consists of coronary arteries and coronary sinus(vein) in which coronary arteries arise from the main artery of the circulatory system called aorta. This aorta arises from the left atrium of the heart which supplies oxygenated blood. These coronary arteries divide into left and right arteries which supply oxygenated blood to the heart.
Thus, option B-left atrium is the correct answer.
Anatomical and physiological barriers provide the crucial first line of defense against pathogens. These barriers include intact skin, vigorous mucociliary clearance mechanisms, low stomach pH and bacteriolytic lysozyme in tears, saliva and other secretions.
) ranges from 75 to 100 mmHg. Carbon dioxide (Pa
) partial pressure ranges from 35 to 45 mmHg.