Answer:
The digestive tract runs from the mouth to the anus. It looks like a lengthy muscular tube with digestive organs connected along the way, up to 10 meters long. The large intestine and, to a lesser extent, the remainder of the digestive system contain a significant reservoir of microorganisms, such as bacteria.
Answer:
The white blood cells i.e. granulocytes and macrophages are specifically stimulated by GM-CSF in response to chemotherapy in cancer patients.
Explanation:
The colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are the regulators of granulocytes and macrophages in blood. The CSFs has the potential to regenerate the white blood cells damaged during chemotherapy. Thus, CSFs mobilize the stem cells to enhance the immune process and produce hematopoietic cells such as granulocytes, macrophages in cancer patients. The CSFs resemble hormones that are specifically targeted to produce blood cells in specified regions where the quantity of those cells is low. The CSFs belong to a group of regulatory factors also known as cytokines and does not produce only a single cell type but stimulates colonies of different blood cell types for any specific organ. Hematopoietic cells produced by CSF are step-wise and formation of blast colonies take place initially. Afterwards, the blast cells regenerate and differentiated into multiple progenitor cells consisting of granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophills, erythroids, and lymphocytes. The progenitor cells in the granulocyte-macrophage lineage matures into neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages.
Out of all types of CSF colonies, the Granulocyte-Macrophage (GM-CSF) colony is specially involved in regenerating immune responses in cancer patients. These cytokines stimulates the dendritic cell formation and produces dendritic activity against the cancerous cells. These GM-CSF colonies enhance the immune response of host against melanomas, tumors by reducing their growth and inducing remission. Hence, it can be said that granulocytes and macrophages are infection protective cells and elevates dangerously low levels of white blood cells in cancer patients following chemotherapy. The GM-CSF induction regenerates the bone marrow which is damaged and improves stem cells production.
Especially in patients with coagulopathy, trauma to the GI mucosa during NG tube insertion may cause GI bleeding. Due to ongoing irritation and pressure necrosis, prolonged use of an NG tube might result in the development of ulcers.
A disturbance of the sympathetic nervous system that alters the tone of the blood vessels is referred to as neurogenic shock. Without sympathetic tone, blood cannot adequately circulate throughout the body, which causes temperature dysregulation, a reduced heart rate, and low blood pressure.
<h3>What does the word "shock" mean ?</h3>
Shock, a dangerous condition, could be brought on by the abrupt drop in blood flow throughout the body. Shock can be brought on by trauma, heatstroke, blood loss, allergies, severe illnesses, poisoning, severe burns, and other situations. A person in shock doesn't get enough blood or oxygen to their organs.
- The four basic types of shock are obstructive, cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and distributive shock.
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The concentration expressed in parts per million is 782 ppm.
<h3>What is Parts per million?</h3>
It is calculated by dividing the mass of the solution by the mass of a solute present in one million (10⁶) parts.
<h3>Calculation for units in ppm:</h3>
Given:
Mass of blood alcohol = 80 mg/dL = 80 x 
g/mL
Density of blood plasma or Mass of blood plasma = 1.023 g/mL
Concentration in ppm = (Mass of alcohol/Mass of plasma) x 
= (80 x g/mL/ 1.023 g/mL) x
= 782 ppm
Hence, the concentration expressed in parts per million is 782 ppm.
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The career that evolved for the development of these tools was medical instrument engineering (Option C). This field allows the development of different medical devices.
<h3>Medical instrument engineering</h3>
Medical instrument engineering refers to the techniques and strategies aimed at developing new tools in medicine.
Currently, this field (medical instrument engineering) is aimed at designing, developing and repairing electronic medical devices and medical tools.
The devices can be used for improving the overall health of patients in clinical settings, as well as for developing new medical strategies.
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