Porifera comb jellies and corals
Two abiotic factors that make different ecosystems include temperature and sunlight. Abiotic factors can be defined as the non-living part of a given ecosystem.
<h3>Abiotic factors</h3>
Abiotic factors represent the non-living part of a particular ecosystem, which are fundamental for the survival of organisms (i.e., the biotic factors) in an ecosystem.
Some examples of abiotic factors include, among others, temperature, sunlight, and water.
Abiotic factors can vary substantially with altitude, thereby shaping different ecosystems in different geographic regions.
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Answer: option d.hydrogen bonds between nitrogen base Pairs
Explanation:
DNA is called a Deoxyribonucleic acids, it contains hereditory information in the cell. DNA is located in nucleus of human cell. DNA consist of nucleotide strands that comprises of a sugar and oxyribose bound on a partto a phosphate group and bound on the other part to a nitrogenous base. The Nitrogenous base consist of Adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine which are complementary base Pairs. They are grouped into 2 distinct classes called purines (double-ringed structures) and pyrimidines (single-ringed structures). The nitrogenous bases forms a ladder and pairs with bases on the other side commonly called rungs. Each complementary nucleotides purine with pyrimidine are held together by hydrogen bonds.A hydrogen bond is a known as chemical bond that is relatively weak and occurs only between hydrogen atoms along with or and electronegative atoms, e.g oxygen, nitrogen e.t.c. Hydrogen bonds usually occur in short length or distances and are formed quickly or easily and ca also broken.
A substance, either an ion or an electrically neutral molecule, formed by the union of simpler substances (as compounds or ions) and are held together by forces that are chemical rather than physical.
Robert Hooke observed the thin slice of cork cells present in the plant cells. In 1665, Robert Hooke referred these empty tiny box-like cavities as cork cells.
<h3>What is Robert Hooke's Observation?</h3>
In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to examine a tiny box-like empty cavities which are referred to as cork cells. He observed that the cork was made up of tiny units that looked like a honeycomb. He referred to them as cells, and he was the first to find a dead cell. This observation has a major contribution in the cell theory.
Hooke published his results under the title Micrographia, about his microscopic observations on several plant tissues. He is remembered as the coiner of the word “cell,” referring to the cavities he observed in thin slices of cork. The cork cells protect the tree from bacterial or fungal infection. It prevents water loss through the bark.
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