As electrons move along the chain, hydrogen ion are pumped from the stroma of the chloroplast into thylakoid lumen. these leads to creation of proton gradient in thylakoid lumen with the potential energy that will be used to synthesize ATP by enzyme ATPase in the process referred to as rotational catalysis. both chloroplast and mitochondria use electron transport chain to pump protons across the membrane and both enzyme ATPase to produce ATP using proton gradient created in the process of transport of hydrogen ions. the main existing between the electron transport chains of chloroplast and mitochondria is the initial source of energy. chloroplasts obtain their energy from sunlight whereas mitochondria obtain theirs from organic molecules.
They are accepted as true until they are proven false. Once a theory has been tested and it is wrong, then it is no longer true.
B lowercase
uppercase is for dominate genes
Answer:
The correct answer is - altered primary and quaternary structure; secondary and tertiary structure may or may not be altered.
Explanation:
a) Primary structure: It is fundamentally the amino acid sequence or arrangments. Every protein has a remarkable amino acid sequence and little change in these sequence modifies the primary structure. On account of sickle cell, the amino corrosive has changed, and henceforth the essential structure of the protein molecule changes.
b). secondary structure: It is the folding of the primary structure chain, which results from intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen holding of the amide group. Ex; Alpha helix and beta sheets. In the above case, this may or might not have changed as there is no conclusive method to know this.
c) Tertiary structure: Most proteins' tertiary structures are mixes of a-helices, b sheets, and circles and turns. Every protein has interesting three-dimensional structure, folded in a particular way now and then known as a domain. For our situation, since it depends on the optional structure, it might have changed.
d) Quaternary structure: It is the relationship of numerous individual protein chains into a solitary protein with various subunits. The subunits arrangment offers to ascend to a steady structure. For our situation, a hemoglobin tetramers partner with one another and gather into large fibers. This has changed the first structure and accordingly we state the quaternary structure has changed.
Answer:
Options B and C
Explanation:
Living things can be divided into three domains: archaea, bacteria and eukarya
The domain "eukarya" includes kingdom fungi, plantae, and animalia
A Fungus is any member of the kingdom Fungi. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms typically having chitin cell walls but no chlorophyll or plastids. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular. Examples of fungi are mushroom, yeast, mucor etc
Plants are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that have double-membraned chloroplasts in its cells containing chlorophyll.
Animals are multicellular organisms that is usually mobile, whose cells are not encased in a rigid cell wall (distinguishing it from plants and fungi) and which derives energy solely from the consumption of other organisms (distinguishing it from plants).
