The hypothesis by Coleman was that the product of the ob+ gene was the appetite suppressing hormone. Hence, the homozygous ob/ob mutant are in a position to synthesize that hormone, and its circulating level would be zero. He also hypothesized that the product of the db+ gene was the receptor for the appetite-suppressing hormone. Thus, the homozygous db/db mutant would be able to synthesize the hormone but would not be in a position to respond to it. It would eat excessively and produce large amounts of body fat, which in turn would produce large amounts of appetite-suppressing hormone . In the absence of a receptor, the db/db mutant's hormone level would remain abnormally high.
Coleman's hypothesis were confirmed when the precise functions of the ob+ and db+ genes were determined. The peptide hormone encoded by the ob+ gene was named Leptin.
It would be easier to put an image instead of explaining it. Here you are!
R = Red
r = white
RR = 25% - 25% chance of red
Rr = 50% - 50% chance of pink
rr = 25% - 25% chance of white
Food is chewed and mixed by the teeth and tongue before being rolled into boluses by peristalsis and entering the stomach through the cardiac sphincter. In the stomach, gastric juice contains pepsinogen, which is activated to pepsin, which breaks down proteins in beans into shorter peptides. Finally, food is churned and allowed into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter muscle. Finally, bile Trypsin breaks down proteins into shorter peptides, and pancreatic juice, which is released by the pancreas, contains pancreatic lipase, which breaks down bean oil into fatty acids and glycerol. When food enters the ileum, where succus entericus is secreted, it contains the enzymes maltase, peptidase, and lipase, which break down the remaining lipids (oil) into fatty acids and glycerol, which are then absorbed through the lacteals of the villi. Maltase breaks down maltose into glucose, which is then absorbed.
The Digestion and Absorption Process
Even before you put food in your mouth, digestion starts. Your body notifies your brain that it is time to eat when you feel hungry. Your body's ability to prepare for eating is influenced by sights and odours. Your brain receives a message when you smell food. The mouth is subsequently instructed by the brain to prepare, and you begin to salivate in anticipation of a mouthwatering meal.
To learn more about the digestion and absorption process refer here:
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Answer:
life will not possible on Earth I think so
The abiotic environment consists of non-living things. So, rocks, temperature and water are part of the abiotic environment.
