Question

Please help 100 points

Answer 1

Option C is correct that as a cell gets smaller, its surface to volume ratio gets larger.

What is the relation between cell and size?

• In general, all cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, must be tiny. Think about the dimensions of a normal cell.
• While not all cells have a sphere-like form, the majority do.
• A sphere's volume may be calculated using the formula 4Πr³/3, whereas its surface area can be calculated using 4Πr²
• A cell's surface area grows as the square of its radius as the radius rises, yet its volume grows as the cube of its radius (much more rapidly).
• Thus, a cell's surface area to volume ratio drops as it grows in size. If the cell were in the form of a cube, the same reasoning would hold true (below).
• The plasma membrane won't have enough surface area if the cell enlarges too much to support the rate of diffusion needed to accommodate the larger volume.
• In other words, a cell gets less effective as it develops.
• One technique to increase efficiency is to divide, while another is to create organelles with specific functions.
• These modifications result in the emergence of eukaryotic cells, which are more complex cells.
• Smaller single-celled creatures have a high surface area to volume ratio, which enables them to rely on waste removal and material diffusion to survive.
• This method can be more effective if the objects have a larger surface area to volume ratio.
• Larger animals need specialized organs (such as the lungs, kidneys, and intestines) that efficiently increase the surface area accessible for exchange activities, as well as a circulatory system to transport materials and heat energy between the organism's surface and core.
• Biological issues may result from increased volume. The fictional enormous gorilla King Kong would not be able to survive due to insufficient lung surface area.
• Gravity is substantially less important for little organisms than for large animals due to their high surface area to volume ratio, which makes friction and fluid dynamics (wind, water flow) much more crucial.
• Increased surface area, meanwhile, can also be problematic.
• The loss of water and dissolved chemicals increases as a cell or organ makes more contact with the environment through its surface (compared to its volume).
• In adverse settings, high surface area to volume ratios may pose issues with temperature regulation.

Hence cell size get smaller.

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