Due to its consistent frequency, wavelength, and strength, the laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is a man-made source of light radiation that emits a coherent beam of photons.
When the energy from a light source or an electrical current is absorbed by the electrons in the atoms of optical materials like glass, crystal, or gas, a laser is produced. The additional energy "excites" the electrons enough to cause them to change their orbits around the atom's nucleus from one with a lower to one with a higher energy.
Three characteristics of lasers are coherency, collimation, and monochromaticity. These three characteristics of lasers result in a tiny focal point with great power. The ability to focus energy is what makes laser light suitable for welding and cutting.
Laser beams can cover great distances because they are tightly focused and do not spread out much. They are also capable of focusing a great deal of energy on a very tiny region.
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