Answer:
It tells us the polarity of the water.
The nucleus directs all activities that happen within the cell and contains the cell genetic material (DNA).<span> The nucleus gives the signal to the cell to grow, divide and/or make proteins. </span>
Although glycolysis produces four molecules of atp by substrate-level phosphorylation, the net gain of atp for the cell is two molecules. This is because glycolysis is at first endergonic.
<h3>
What is glycolysis?</h3>
- The metabolic process that turns glucose into pyruvic acid is known as glycolysis.
- The high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are created using the free energy released during this process.
- A series of ten enzyme-catalyzed processes make up glycolysis.
- The process by which glucose is broken down to provide energy is known as glycolysis.
- It generates two pyruvate molecules, ATP, NADH, and water.
- There is no need for oxygen throughout the process, which occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell.
- Both aerobic and anaerobic creatures experience it.
- The initial process in breaking down glucose to release energy for cellular metabolism is called glycolysis.
- An energy-consuming phase and an energy-releasing phase make up glycolysis.
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Answer:
muscle contraction increases interstitial fluid pressure and compresses the blood vessels within the active muscle. As a consequence, blood flow is highest when muscles relax between successive muscle contractions.
Explanation:
Answer:
a. resolve the branching patterns (evolutionary history) of the Lophotrochozoa
b. (the same, it is repeated)
Explanation:
Nemertios (ribbon worms) and foronids (horseshoe worms) are closely related groups of lofotrocozoa. Lofotrocozoans, or simply trocozoans (= tribomastic celomados with trocophoric larva) are a group of animals that includes annelids, molluscs, endoprocts, brachiopods and other invertebrates. They represent a crucial superphylum for our understanding of the evolution of bilateral symmetry animals. However, given the inconsistency between molecular and morphological data for these groups, their origins were not entirely clear. In the work linked above, the first records of genomes of the Nemertine worm Notospermus geniculatus and the foronid Phoronis australis are presented, along with transcriptomes along the adult bodies. Our phylogenetic analyzes based on the genome place Nemertinos as the sister group of the taxon that contains Phoronidea and Brachiopoda. It is shown that lofotrocozoans share many families of genes with deuterotomes, suggesting that these two groups retain a common genetic repertoire of bilaterals that do not possess ecdisozoans (arthropods, nematodes) or platizoos (platelets, sydermats). Comparative transcriptomics demonstrates that foronid and brachiopod lofophores are similar not only morphologically, but also at the molecular level. Although the lofophore and vertebrates show very different cephalic structures, the lofophorees express the vertebrate head genes and neuronal marker genes. This finding suggests a common origin of the bilaterial pattern of the head, although different types of head will evolve independently in each lineage. In addition, we recorded innate immunity expansions of lineage-specific and toxin-related genes in both lofotrocozoa and deuterostomes. Together, this study reveals a dual nature of lofotrocozoans, in which the conserved and specific characteristics of the lineage shape their evolution.
