Process of elimination - everything but 1 and 3 does not sound like a bad thing. But the answer is yellow stars.
They were searching for gold and sliver.They set forts in Africa for slaves and south and southeast Asia for spices.
Correct me if I'm wrong but the 3 powerful European Kings that fought in the 3rd Crusade were:
1. Frederick I
2. Philip II
3. Richard I
Citizens. Everyone is equally protected by the law.