The omission of the relative clause would be "The diagram made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812."
A relative clause is a clause that modifies a noun or noun phrase and employs some grammatical technique to show that one of the relative clause's arguments relates to the noun or noun phrase.
Relative clauses are dependent clauses that provide further information about another noun in the phrase to the reader. As an example: The unicorn has magical abilities that allowed it to heal the ill.
Relative clauses let you to integrate two phrases into one by utilizing relative pronouns as connectors (who, whom, whose, where, when, which, that, and why).
That, whichever, which, when, who, whoever, whichsoever, whom, whoever, whosoever, whose, whomsoever, whosesoever, whatsoever, whatsoever, and so on are examples of relative pronouns. For instance, the individual who stayed with me the night before was my best buddy.