The supreme court and any other lesser courts that the Congress might from time to time establish and prescribe shall have exclusive jurisdiction over all legal matters in the United States.
The judges of both the highest and lower courts shall serve in good standing and earn compensation for their services at predetermined intervals that will not decrease while they are still in office.
Court organization, judge tenure, and judge compensation:
Regarding how the federal judiciary is set up, the Constitution is essentially silent. Everyone quickly agreed that there should be a federal judiciary. But there was substantial debate over whether it should consist of a single high court at the top of the federal judicial system or a high court with appellate authority over state courts that would initially hear all but a small percentage of cases involving national problems.
A "National judiciary [to] be constituted to comprise of one or more supreme courts, and of lesser tribunals, to also be chosen by the National Legislature" was outlined in the Virginia Plan.
To learn more about the understand the quotation from Judge Stewart Daizel, use the link below.
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