In terms of communication, information is expressed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation. That which is perceived can be construed as a message in its own right, and in that sense, information is always conveyed as the content of a message.
Information can be encoded into various forms for transmission and interpretation (for example, information may be encoded into a sequence of signs, or transmitted via a signal). It can also be encrypted for safe storage and communication.
Lack of direction is one of the most common organizational problems and it stems from two root causes: The leader or leaders rarely discuss or chart a deliberate direction or strategy for the future, or they fail to communicate a coherent message about the strategy to all members of the organization. Hopefully this helped.
Explanation:
Which factors? I am pretty sure we need a picture for this?
Studying will aid students perparing for tests.