Various archaeological evidence was collected from several sites of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa cities, which indicated its decline.
There is no unanimity among scholars on the decline of these cities, According to some academicians, Climate change, is what led to the fall of the Indus Valley Civilization. While some scientists conclude that a major flood occurred in the region, others contend that the main cause of climate change was the drying of the Saraswati River, which started in approximately 1900 BCE.
Images from the sites, demonstrate how difficult, but not impossible, it was to determine the date of Mohenjo-Daro; even fifty years ago, the water table was severely damaging the city's ruins and making deep excavating impossible.
Lead excavator George F. Dales proposed a dam-and-lake scenario to explain the city's rise and fall of the Harappa, where he and Robert L. Raikes, a hydrologist "conducting extensive surveys in southern Baluchistan and the lower Indus valley," raise important questions about water and water resource management, which we know was crucial to Indus valley civilization.
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