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Setler79 [48]
1 year ago
11

Explain how cold symptoms show that the body is using both lines of nonspecific defenses to fight pathogens.

Biology
1 answer:
uysha [10]1 year ago
7 0

The innate immune system provides this kind of nonspecific protection through a number of defense mechanisms, which include physical barriers such as the skin, chemical barriers such as antimicrobial proteins that harm or destroy invaders, and cells that attack foreign cells and body cells harbouring infectious agents.

<h3>What do you mean by pathogens?</h3>

A pathogen in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ.

Moreover, pathogens cause illness to their hosts through a variety of ways. The most obvious means is through direct damage of tissues or cells during replication, generally through the production of toxins, which allows the pathogen to reach new tissues or exit the cells inside which it replicated.

Therefore, pathogenic organisms are of five main types: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms.

Learn more about pathogens:

brainly.com/question/28148146

#SPJ1

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A forest has two groups of plants that appear to be very similar both phenotypically and genotypically. The major difference is
Gennadij [26K]
The basics would be that you'd need to find out if they could exchange genetic information. If not, they couldn't be considered part of one species. Set-up 2 artificial environments so both groups would produce pollen at the same time. Fertilise both plants with the other's pollen. Then fertilise the plants with pollen from their own group. 
Count the number of offspring each plant produces. 
If the plants which were fertilised by the opposite group produce offspring, they are of the same species. You can then take this further if they are of the same species by analysing if there is any difference between the number (and health) of offspring produced by the crossed progeny and by the pure progeny. You'd have to take into account that some of them would want to grow at different times, so a study of the progeny from their first sprout until death (whilst emulating the seasons in your ideal controlled environment). Their success could then be compared to that of the pure-bred individuals. 
Make sure to repeat this a few times, or have a number of plants to make sure your results are accurate. 
Or if you couldn't do the controlled environment thing, just keep some pollen one year and use it to fertilise the other group. 
I'd also put a hypothesis in there somewhere too. 
The independent variable would be the number of plants pollinated. The dependant variable would be the number of progeny (offspring) produced. 
5 0
3 years ago
Which of these is a provisioning service— a benefit that is obtained directly from the environment?
dsp73

I believe it is either B or A, personally i'm leaning towards B, but at the same time, i don't think that we would be obtaining materials via pollination, so it then causes A to make more sense.

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Shivering warms the body by causing involuntary muscle contractions, which two body systems are working together to help you mai
Elodia [21]
Circulatory and muscle system
4 0
3 years ago
6. species Closely related of orchids never mate in the wild because they bloom at different times. This is an example of ______
Dimas [21]

Answer:

temporal reproductive isolation

Explanation:

The correct answer would be temporal reproductive isolation.

<u>Reproductive isolation</u> generally refers to series of biological mechanisms or processes that prevent members of different species from mating/fertilization or prevent the product of their mating to be invalid.

Some reproductive isolation processes prevent members of different species from mating or prevent fertilization as a result of mating. These processes are known as pre-zygotic reproductive isolation mechanisms.

Some other processes ensure that the product of fertilization (when it occurs) is invalid. These are known as post-zygotic isolation mechanisms.

<em>A good example of the pre-zygotic reproductive isolation process is </em><em>when closely related by different species bloom at different times</em><em>. This will prevent mating or cross-pollination to happen between the different species. This is known as temporal reproductive isolation.</em>

5 0
3 years ago
How many neurons are in human brain?
damaskus [11]
Heaps and heaps and heaps and heaps of them!


7 0
3 years ago
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