Question

Explain how cold symptoms show that the body is using both lines of nonspecific defenses to fight pathogens.

Answer 1

The innate immune system provides this kind of nonspecific protection through a number of defense mechanisms, which include physical barriers such as the skin, chemical barriers such as antimicrobial proteins that harm or destroy invaders, and cells that attack foreign cells and body cells harbouring infectious agents.

What do you mean by pathogens?

A pathogen in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ.

Moreover, pathogens cause illness to their hosts through a variety of ways. The most obvious means is through direct damage of tissues or cells during replication, generally through the production of toxins, which allows the pathogen to reach new tissues or exit the cells inside which it replicated.

Therefore, pathogenic organisms are of five main types: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms.

Learn more about pathogens:

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