Neurons' physiological capacity for conductivity enables them to send signals quickly over great distances.
<h3><u>What characteristics does a neuron possess physiologically?</u></h3>
The primary cellular components of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, peripheral sensory systems, and enteric (gut) nervous system, are neurons. Despite the wide anatomical variation, these cells can be classified as neurons due to their general morphology and electrical and ligand-dependent responsiveness (coined in 1891 by Wilhelm von Waldeyer).
The central nervous system (CNS) contains additional cellular types, most notably various types of glial elements, which were initially thought to be glue-like cells that served as a support matrix for neuronal circuits. These cell types are now understood to be crucial for the upkeep of the neuronal network, for neuronal migration during development, and for the production of myelin.
Since they have slower electrical response dynamics than neurons, they primarily serve as modulators. But they are crucial for CNS function because they can control extracellular background synaptic transmitter levels.
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