Answer:
(A) Interest coverage charge ratio= 6.21
(B) Fixed charge coverage = 2.84
(C) Profit margin ratio= 8.57%
(D) Total assets turnover= 1.55
(E) Return on assets= 13.26%
Explanation:
(A) The Interest coverage charge ratio can be calculated as follows= EBIT/Interest expense
= 45,300/7,300
= 6.21
(B) The fixed charge coverage can be calculated as follows
= income before fixed charge + interest/fixed charges + interest
= 45,300+13,300/7,300+13,300
= 58,600/20,600
= 2.84
(C) The profit margin ratio can be calculated as follows
= Net income/sales × 100
= 22,800/266,000 × 100
=0.0857 × 100
= 8.57%
(D) The total assets turnover can be calculated as follows
= Sales/total assets
= 266,000/172,000
= 1.55
(E) The return on assets can be calculated as follows
= Net income/Total assets × 100
= 22,800/172,000 × 100
= 0.13255×100
= 13.26%
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Answer:
B. negative, positive
Explanation:
Substitution effect : Price rise of a good makes it relatively expensive, decreases its demand. Price fall of a good makes it relatively cheap, increases its demand.
So: Substitution Effect is always negative as per above explanation.
Income Effect : Price rise of a good decreases real income/ real purchasing power of consumer & reduces demand of all goods. Price fall increases real purchasing power & increases demand of all goods.
Income effect is positive in case of Normal Goods, normal good demand is positively related to income. The effect is negative in case of inferior goods, inferior good demand is negatively related to income.
Hence: Price rise of rice - Substitution effect results in negative change in rice consumption. {∵substitution effect always negative}
Income Effect leads to positive change in rice consumption {∵price rise reduces real income & income effect is negative for inferior goods}
In most of the 1970 period, the fed appear to be most anti-inflation. The United States has been experiencing a pattern of rising prices since the late 1960s.
Inflation refers to an overall rise in the cost of goods and services throughout a nation. Inflation in United States started gradually increasing from yearly rates that had previously been less than 2 percent for several years.
The Federal Reserve tightened policy in 1973 in response to rising inflation rates. However, the Fed loosened its stance before adequately controlling inflation in response to increased unemployment. In December 1976, the annual inflation rate reached a low of 5% before rising once more.
According to the personal consumption expenditure index, prices had increased 7.7% from the previous year by January 1979, raising concerns that inflation would continue to climb. Concern was also raised regarding the US currency, which had declined 13% in value versus.
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