Answer: Biopyschosocial model
Explanation: The biopsychosocial model debates that not any one factor is sufficient; it is the cooperation between people's biology, psychology, as well as social and cultural context that can "interfere" with their health outcomes.
Jeremy is going with dehydration and electrolyte imbalance which commonly thought to be the cause of muscle cramps. This is most evident factor when training in hot and humid conditions due to an increased loss of electrolytes through sweat.
Exercise associated muscle cramps are mainly treated with hydration and electrolyte supplementation but this could be neglecting the underlying cause of cramps during or after exercise. The most effective way of treating cramps before they affect body athletic performance is neuromuscular re-education.
What is neuromuscular re-education?
Neuromuscular re-education involves training weak, underactive muscles to help balance the work load..
Charle horse is type of a cramp which occurs when the muscle involuntarily contracts and cannot relax. The calves and thighs are two of the most common areas affected, although cramps can strike hands, arms, abdomen, and feet. They typically last from several seconds to a few minutes, and athletic person can often feel a knot when presses the painful area.
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Answer:
She needs to eat more of these foods and less of others to keep her calories balanced
Explanation:
The listed food which she is said to be having less of in her diet are low have low calories, than other foods carbohydrates, therefore, she needs to obtain more more of these food choices in her diet to complement for the reduction in her current food choices.
Therefore, she should include dairy products, vegetables and fruits more in her diet in order to meet the USDA Eating Patterns.
A Drug Trend report published in 2009 had predicted continued price increase among traditional branded and biotech drugs that lack generic competition. Now, further, CMS has reduced its Average Sales price (ASP) margin from 6 percent to 4 percent for non-pass-thorough. This has affected pharmacy reimbursement. However, there are certain other aspects of Pharmacy Billing that can affect reimbursement and thereby the Revenue Cycle Management (RCM) process if not well implemented.
1. Data Workflow:
Recognizing how the revenue cycle works in pharmacy is very essential. Procurement to Inventory, billing and reimbursement involves purchase of medications, their storage, and method of dispensing, how they are administered, way they are coded & billed, and finally reimbursed. If the drug is covered as a pharmacy benefit, or the payer needs that to be obtained via a specialty pharmacy as identified through patient-specific benefit verification, then here both the provider and the pharmacy are part of the reimbursement process. The physician writes a prescription and orders the drug. This is followed by the pharmacy that fills the order and issues the drug to the physician, CMHC, or hospital outpatient department. Here the pharmacy bills the insurance company for the drug. If any information is entered incorrectly into the pharmacy system in the initial phase of the cycle, errors can prove to be costly, impacting aspects of clinical and revenue cycle.
2. Procurement:
During this phase information is converted from purchased quantities and pricing to storage units of measure (UOM) and inventory costs. Manually entering the data is followed in most cases. UOM conversions, when data is uploaded from the wholesale distributor to the pharmacy system, are also checked and verified manually. Here too mistakes can lead to breakdown in the revenue cycle management (RCM) process.
3. The Charge master:
Critical & substantial revenue leakage can occur when separately reimbursable medications are either missing from or miscoded in the charge master. Conversion of pharmaceutical quantities is a must from purchased amounts to patient-administered amounts, and only then made billable. There is often a difference between dosage amounts required for patient use as from that purchased. Besides inventory, the clinician and pharmacist should convert dosage, strength, and delivery mechanism for each drug. Drug data must be correctly converted from the quantities residing in clinical systems into the payer-billable quantities appropriate for the financial system or charge master. The UOMs must be reconciled to avoid any under- or over-payments. More than often, missing or incorrect data in the charge master can result in negative financial consequences – denied claims, partial reimbursement, and compliance risks.
4. Linkages between Purchases & Billing:
Most hospitals have separate processes to order drugs, administer them, and process reimbursement. Without linkage between pharmacy expenditures for medications (i.e., spend data) and the charge master, ensuring proper charge capture and optimal reimbursement is a challenge. Besides hospitals should have automated tools to identify charge capture errors precisely, so as to pinpoint when and where their occurrence to decreasing revenue loss.
Well Mitochondria are the structures within cells that produce energy. An example of mitochondria is what regulates metabolism in human cells.
