Question

what is the source of energy needed for unidirectional translocation across the membrane in (a) cotranslational translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (er); (b) post-translational translocation into the er; and (c) translocation into the mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 1

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP), which binds to a signal recognition particle (SRP), provides the energy for cotranslational translocation into the ER by separating the SRP from its receptor.

Is energy required for cotranslational translocation?

Energy provided by the translation machinery, which is also used for protein synthesis, is sufficient for cotranslational transport. It's interesting to note that in E, secretory proteins commonly travel through the post-translational transport pathway.

Does ATP have a role in cotranslational translocation?

We come to the conclusion that ATP is necessary for protein translocation in this posttranslational system (and likely also for cotranslational translocation); the protonmotive force may help, but it doesn't seem to be a necessary component.

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