Question 3 is the first one.
Answer:
Explanation:
Humboldt challenged European nations about the American Continent, this sentence implies that Humboldt contradicted some comments about the continent.
For example:
There are comments like: the continent doesn't have any history or culture, that is a new continent younger than Europe.
Humboldt said both continents have the same age.
American Continent was ruled and looted for people like kings, who had never set foot in the entire continent.
Answer: the feeling associated with the word home is a longing/desire for this (home).
Since it gives it a human attribute it would be Personification
