Formalism may be defined as a critical approach in which the text under discussion is treated primarily as a structure of words. That is, the main focus is on the arrangement of language, rather than on the intricacies of words.
A formalist critic examines the form of the work as a whole, the form of each individual part of the text (individual scenes and chapters), characters, settings, tone, point of view, diction, and all other aspects. Elements of text are combined to make a single text. Formalism is the most important aspect of a work of art both its form - the way it is made and its purely visual aspects - its narrative content or relationship to the visible world beyond. As foreign language learners take courses on linguistics and grammar, formalist criticism synthesizes students' relationship with the linguistic and grammatical aspects of language use in literature.
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