Answer:
mutation rates can be used to design molecular clocks in order to estimate divergence times among species
Explanation:
In evolutionary biology, the substitution rates (also known as mutation rates) are used for the development of 'molecular clocks' which allow estimating the divergence times among species or among taxonomic groups. Molecular clocks can be designed by estimating the divergence rate of nucleotide sequences (either DNA or RNA) and amino acid (protein) sequences. These substitution rates can also be used to track how quickly viruses evolve (for example, in a pandemic situation).
<span>The function of structure E is to stabilize the phospholipids and these phospholipids constitutes the structure of the cell membrane as in like two layers with proteins either passing through and just staying on layer surface. These phospholipids are made up of phosphorus, fatty acids and alcohols.</span>
Answer:
Something studied on the molecular level is the water.
Explanation:
Water is a molecule formed by two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, whose chemical representation is H₂O. It is a molecule whose polarity makes it a universal solvent of other polar molecules.
The molecular level corresponds to the level of organization where two or more atoms unite to form molecules or substances, united by chemical bonds. H₂O is studied at this level due to its chemical structure.
With respect to other options:
- <u><em>Hydrogen and oxygen</em></u><em> are atoms, and correspond to the level of atomic organization.</em>
- <u><em>Protons</em></u><em> are particles that are part of an atom, and correspond to the subatomic level.</em>
We feel hotter in summer than in winter because the temperature is generally higher than in winter.
<h3>
What are seasons?</h3>
There are three seasons on earth namely winter, summer, and rainy season. In the winter season, the temperature is cold and during summer the temperature is higher.
Timing and characteristic of season depend upon the location of the earth. The time of a year region experience season depends on it is northern hemisphere or southern hemisphere.
The southern hemispheres experiences winter while northern hemisphere experiences summer. The cycle of seasons is caused by earth's tilted towards the earth. The planet rotates around an axis.
Therefore, We feel hotter in summer than in winter because the temperature is generally higher than in winter.
To learn more about seasons, refer to the link:
brainly.com/question/19009677
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Answer:
short-term carbon cycling
Explanation:
my answer points to the idea that it takes a shorter amount of time for the process to occur