The acceleration of the multi-decade mass migration of black, southern rural farm laborers north and west to cities in quest of higher salaries in industrial occupations and better social and political prospects is perhaps the most significant impact of World War I on African Americans.
Black southerners were relocated to northern and midwestern cities during the First Great Migration (1910–1940), notably New York, Chicago, Detroit, and Pittsburgh. More physically fit men were dispatched to fight in Europe as the war effort increased in 1917, leaving their industrial employment unfilled.
After the United States entered World War I, Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 as a measure to safeguard the war effort from disloyal European immigrants. The primary goal of espionage is to obtain sensitive information secretly. In the first place, classified material is kept a secret because its publication could jeopardize national security, the economy, or foreign relations.
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