Answer:
Explanation:
Once the Fourth Amendment applies to a particular search or seizure, the next question is under what circumstances a warrant is required to be issued. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the U.S. Constitution expresses a preference for searches, seizures, and arrests conducted pursuant to a lawfully executed warrant.
A warrant is a written order signed by a court authorizing a law-enforcement officer to conduct a search, seizure, or arrest. Searches, seizures, and arrests performed without a valid warrant are deemed presumptively invalid, and any evidence seized without a warrant will be suppressed unless a court finds that the search was reasonable under the circumstances.
Read on to find out about the Fourth Amendment warrant requirement and how it could apply to you.
Requirements for a Valid Search Warrant
An application for a warrant must be supported by a sworn, detailed statement made by a law enforcement officer appearing before a neutral judge or magistrate. The U.S. Supreme Court has said that probable cause exists when the facts and circumstances within the police officer's knowledge provide a reasonably trustworthy basis for a person of reasonable caution to believe that a criminal offense has been committed or is about to take place (see Carroll v. United States).
Establishing Probable Cause
Probable cause can be established by out-of-court statements made by reliable police informants, even though those statements cannot be tested by the magistrate. However, probable cause will not lie where the only evidence of criminal activity is an officer's affirmation of suspicion or belief (see Aguilar v. Texas). On the other hand, an officer's subjective reason for making an arrest doesn't need to be the same criminal offense for which the facts indicate. (Devenpeck v. Alford).
An Officer's Oath
Probable cause will not lie unless the facts supporting the warrant are sworn by the officer as true to the best of their knowledge. The officer's oath can be written or oral, but the officer must typically swear that no knowing or intentionally false statement has been submitted in support of the warrant and that no statement has been made in reckless disregard of the truth. It's important to note, however, that inaccuracies due to an officer's negligence or innocent omission won't typically jeopardize a warrant's validity.
FIND
Answer:
B. It is usually a statement that the researcher hopes to demonstrate is true.
Explanation:
Alternative hypothesis is an assumption that there is inequality present between the means of the values of a population being compared, ie, it is an assumption that the alternative hypothesis is true. In other words, an alternative hypothesis is considered as any hypothesis that reflects the doubt that caused the researcher to perform the test. It is always represented by an inequality. This inequality represents the possible values of the evaluated parameter.
Hey!
The name of the slave with whom Thomas Jefferson probably had several children with was Sarah Hemings. Sarah Hemings was enslaved by President Thomas Jefferson. Historians say that she was the mother of six children, of whom four survived to adulthood. Later after the 4 survived through adulthood Jefferson given them freedom.
Answer:
A. collection of characteristics that defines how a person behaves in different situations
Explanation:
Personality is referred to as the behavioral characteristics that distinguish an individual from another. It defines how people react and behave in different situations.
The personality of an individual can be as a result of biological traits or environmental influence. (I.e Nature and Nurture)
