Question

which of the macromolecules tested in this exercise (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) were formed by dehydration reactions? explain your answer by describing the structure of each macromolecule.

Answer 1

Large polymers are created during dehydration synthesis, which are typically referred to as biological macromolecules. These compounds include proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

As a result, the dehydration reaction is responsible for the formation of protein, lipid, and nucleic acids.

1. Protein structure

• Amino acid polymers form proteins. There are four different types of proteins, based on structure.

• The amino acid sequence of a protein is represented by its primary structure, which is a linear chain.
• The backbone (main chain) atoms of a polypeptide are arranged locally in space to form the protein's secondary structure.
• A polypeptide chain's whole three-dimensional structure is referred to as a protein's tertiary structure.
• The protein's quaternary structure, which is a three-dimensional arrangement of the subunits of a multi-subunit protein.

2. Lipid structure is a crucial element of the cell membrane. The structure is mostly composed of a glycerol backbone, two hydrophobic fatty acid tails, and a hydrophilic phosphate group.

3. Nucleic acids' structure: Nucleotide polymers make up nucleic acids. Each nucleotide is made up of an aromatic base with a N-atom connected to a pentose sugar with five carbons, which is then joined to a phosphate group.

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