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exis [7]
1 year ago
11

why do plant cells occasionally switch from noncyclic electron flow (nef) to cyclic electron flow (cef)?

Biology
1 answer:
Blizzard [7]1 year ago
6 0

Creating a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in higher plants uses cyclic electron flow (CEF), which primarily serves two purposes: (1) producing ATP and balancing the ATP/NADPH energy budget; and (2) defending photosystems I and II from photoinhibition.

ATP and NADPH are produced by noncyclic electron transport. The single product of cyclic electron transport was ATP. Both steps are required by a plant to produce the required amount of ATP for the Calvin Cycle. The electrons are released by photosystem I and then brought back into the system during cyclic photophosphorylation. However, in non-cyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons that the photosystems emit do not come back.

learn more about photosystems here;

brainly.com/question/13034934

#SPJ4

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Damage to a brain area called the _____ would MOST likely interfere with learning a conditioned fear response to the sight of a
ELEN [110]

Answer:

The options

A)hippocampus

B)basal ganglia

C)hypothalamus

D)cerebellum

The CORRECT ANSWER IS D)

D)cerebellum

Explanation:

Apart from the coordinating process, the cerebellum is involved in motor learning, emotional behavior, and fear memory.

Fear learning is widely shown in the variation of autonomic and somatic responses, as in heart rate and freezing, promoted by a neutral stimulus which could have been formally grouped with a painful one.

Variation or changes of the vermis influences these responses, and its reversible inactivation in the period of consolidation which is seen to impair fear memory.

The neural correlate of cerebellar activities in fear consolidation is shown by a behaviorally promoted long-term rise of synaptic effectiveness and efficiencies among parallel fibers and a Purkinje cell.

Likely synaptic variations after fear conditioning are well fully observed in the amygdala and hippocampus, suggesting an interplay among emotional circumstances of scenario and the different variations in neural process.

Furthermore, in hotfoot mice, that shows a basic lack of parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse, short- and long-term fear memories are influenced.

All these data gives a foundational background on the concept that the cerebellum is majorly involved in fear learning.

The functional interplay of the vermis with hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus do infer to a more complex activities of the cerebellum as a form of an united network that basically influences emotional behavior.

8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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andrey2020 [161]
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5 0
3 years ago
Which stage of stat development comes right after the long stable phase in the life cycle
taurus [48]
Have you ever watched a caterpillar turn into a butterfly? If so, you're probably familiar with the idea of alife cycle<span>. Butterflies go through some fairly spectacular </span>life cycle<span> transitions—turning from something that looks like a lowly worm into a glorious creature that floats on the breeze. Other organisms, from humans to plants.</span>
6 0
3 years ago
An elderly woman in a nursing home no longer goes outside to enjoy the sunshine and fresh air, has reduced her meat intake becau
malfutka [58]

Answer:

a. vitamin d and vitamin b12

Explanation:

Vitamins are groups of organic compounds that are essential in small quantities for healthy human growth, metabolism, development, and body function. Vitamins are found in plants and animal foods or sometimes produced synthetically. Deficiencies of specific vitamins produce specific disorders. Vitamin d and vitamin b12 are important vitamins that the body needs. The body produces vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight and it is very essential for strong bones, while vitamin b12 is naturally present in meats. Deficiency of vitamin d in the body can result in bone problems (including teeth) and it has also been linked to depression. Vitamin b12 deficiency can also affect mental functions by causing disorientation, memory loss, depression and confusion.  

From the question, the elderly woman may be developing a deficiency of vitamin d and vitamin b12.

5 0
2 years ago
The _______________ pathway of RNA interference is a result of double stranded DNA entering a eukaryotic cell.
Anit [1.1K]

Answer:

siRNA.

Explanation:

The RNA interference may be defined as the evolutionary conserved mechanism that helps in the gene regulation by the silencing of the small RNA molecules. Two main types are  siRNA and miRNA.

The siRNA (small interference RNA) is involved in the protection of the cell by destroying the exogenous ds DNA of the cell. The DICER  enzyme plays an important role in the processing of the small interference RNA and the guide strand of RNA is involved in the gene silencing.

Thus, the answer is option (a).

3 0
2 years ago
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