I think the answer is letter c. Kepler. There are other scientists that have the same philosophy, they are Copernicus and Galileo. In that book, Newton included that the universe was like a giant clock, for all the parts will work perfectly it required mathematics.
Opposition to mainstream catholic controversies such as sales of indulgences, and the publication of his works John Calvin benefited from the printing press a great deal. several of his ideas were published and translated into different languages and therefore reached a great deal of people, similar to the Lutheran thoughts that had also benefited from the printing press.
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There was a severe economic depression world-wide
The migration patterns of a group of people, the way those people affect their land, and the way their land affects those people