Hispanics in California began to be significantly outnumbered at the time of the 1849 gold rush. The new settlers stole the land from many Hispanics. Over time, the status of the Hispanic community declined, and Hispanics were compelled to work in less desirable, lower-paying jobs.
The Gold Rush had significant effects. The so-called "forty-niners," or gold-seekers, fought and drove off entire indigenous societies from their territories.
The first immigrants outside of California arrived in late 1848 from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), and Latin America. About half of the 300,000 individuals who arrived in California during the Gold Rush did so by sea, and the other half traveled by land over the California Trail and the Gila River trail.
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