The relative shortness of time they have been separated is the most important for explaining why there are equal numbers of snapping shrimp species on either side of the isthmus.
Speciation is the process of forming new species.
There are five main types of speciation:
- Allopatric speciation
- Sympatric speciation
- Peripatric speciation
- Parapatric speciation
- Artificial speciation
Although allopatric speciation is the most common type of speciation, all five types are described in more detail in the following sections.
Allopatric speciation occurs when one population is physically separated by a geographic barrier and slowly evolves into two separate species. With separation into different environments comes different environmental pressures that shape natural selection, the survival of the most fit organisms in the environment. These different environments allow for different traits to be selected.
Over time, the selection can create entirely new species. For example, snapping shrimp are a group of shrimp that were separated by the Isthmus of Panama across the Caribbean Sea. Over time, the selective pressures were so different that the populations of shrimp evolved into different species.
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