The extraembryonic membrane that forms a pool of liquid around the fetus to protect it is the amnion.
Throughout development, the amnion is a significant extraembryonic membrane. The amnion of the mammalian embryo is derived from the "mesoderm" on the outer side and "ectoderm" on the inner side. The fluid in this sac supports and protects the foetus against mechanical shock and supplies water and other materials to the foetus.
The embryo is suspended in a thin, translucent fluid within the amnion, which is lined with ectoderm and covered with mesoderm (both germ layers), protecting it from mechanical harm. The amnion also protects against tissue adhesions and fluid loss from the embryo itself.
Therefore, extraembryonic membrane that forms a pool of liquid around the fetus to protect it is the amnion.
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