A macrophage may engulf a pathogen by endocytosis, which involves the reorganization of actin microfilaments in the membrane and microtubules in the cytoskeleton.
<h3>What is endocytosis?</h3>
Endocytosis is a cellular process by which a cell can absorb materials from the surrounding medium, such as viruses and bacteria in the case of macrophages.
Microfilaments and microtubules are proteins that form part of the cytoskeleton and dynamic conformational changes of them are associated with the cytoskeletal rearregement during the phagocytic process.
The actin microfilaments in the membrane and microtubules in the cytoskeleton form part of the process of endocytosis because they need to reorganize during cell movement.
In conclusion, a macrophage may engulf a pathogen by endocytosis, which involves the reorganization of actin microfilaments in the membrane and microtubules in the cytoskeleton.
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Mitosis
Involves one cell division?
Results in two daughter cells
Results in diploid? daughter cells? (chromosome? number remains the same as parent cell)
Daughter cells are genetically identical
Occurs in all organisms except viruses
Creates all body cells (somatic?) apart from the germ cells? (eggs and sperm)
Prophase is much shorter
No recombination/crossing over occurs in prophase.
In metaphase individual chromosomes (pairs of chromatids) line up along the equator.
During anaphase the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles.
Meiosis
Involves two successive cell divisions
Results in four daughter cells
Results in haploid? daughter cells (chromosome number is halved from the parent cell)
Daughter cells are genetically different
Occurs only in animals, plants and fungi
Creates germ cells (eggs and sperm) only
Prophase I takes much longer
Involves recombination/crossing over of chromosomes in prophase I
In metaphase I pairs of chromosomes line up along the equator.
During anaphase I the sister chromatids move together to the same pole.
During anaphase II the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles.
Similarities
Mitosis
Diploid parent cell
Consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
In metaphase individual chromosomes (pairs of chromatids) line up along the equator.
During anaphase the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles.
Ends with cytokinesis.
Meiosis
Diploid parent cell
Consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase (but twice!)
In metaphase II individual chromosomes (pairs of chromatids) line up along the equator.
During anaphase II the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles.
Ends with cytokinesis.
The per capita ecological footprint is the total ecological footprint for a given country or area is false and is therefore denoted as option B.
<h3>What is Ecological footprint?</h3>
This is referred to as the amount of land which is required to ensure that there is adequate use and sustainability of the resources which are present in area at a given period of time.
The per capita ecological footprint is the average ecological footprint for a given country or area and not the total ecological footprint which is therefore the reason why false was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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<span>You are likely talking about aerobic respiration rather then just glycolysis based on the options: The third option seems best, pyruvate is heavily oxidized during the Kreb's cycle and removed as CO2.
Wrong options
Option1- FADH2 is also another highly energetic molecule produced during
Option2- oxidation of pyruvate is a highly directional process and can be considered irreversible in the cell
Option4- Aerobic respiration RELEASES energy from pyruvate and the into NADH/FADH which is then captured by the electron transport chain. An exergonic rxn would take in energy and would not happen spontaneously
This can be looked from different perspectives, but let me know if my answer made sense. </span>
