Answer:
The smallest value of p+q is 11
It happens when p = 6 and q = 5.
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Explanation:
Let's factor 180 in such a way that exactly one factor is a perfect square.
I'll ignore the trivial factor of 1.
Here are the possible factorizations we could go with:
180 = 4*45
180 = 9*20
180 = 36*5
Those factorizations then lead to the following
Then we have
p+q = 2+45 = 47
p+q = 3+20 = 23
p+q = 6+5 = 11
The smallest value of p+q is 11 and it happens when p = 6 and q = 5.
Side note: p+q is smallest when we go with the largest perfect square factor.