With the concept of zero, we could express math (and by extension, everything) with just one concept: of there being something. This was contrasted with there not being something.
This presence/absence of something is very easily implementable in mechanical terms, which contributed to the development of hardware. So: the concept of 0 made our calculations easily physically implementable.
The doctrine incorporation of the constitution is guaranteed through the first ten amendments.
Through the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, certain provisions of the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution, also known as the Bill of Rights, are made applicable to the states under the incorporation concept. Both administratively and substantively, incorporation is applicable.
The Supreme Court determined that the Bill of Rights only applied to the Federal government and to actions brought in federal courts before the doctrine (and the Fourteenth Amendment) were in place. The preamble to the Bill of Rights emphasizes the significance of the Bill of Rights in minimizing overreach by the newly constituted government.
Every state involved in the negotiations for the Constitution had varying degrees of worries with a too powerful Federal government. The Bill of Rights was obviously meant to place restrictions primarily on the federal authority, the Supreme Court ruled (see Barron v. City of Baltimore (1833)). States and state courts were free to enact such legislation at their discretion.
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Answer: The following...
Explanation: Standard Oil in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The Court found that Standard was an illegal monopoly and ordered it broken into 34 separate companies. Bloodied, Rockefeller and Standard were hardly defeated.
