How do muscle cells form different types of tissues?

1 answer:

3 0

Muscle cells do not form different types of tissues, the muscle tissue is one of the 4 basic categories of tissues found in humans

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A mutation in a polypeptide with the original amino acid sequence of: Met-Ala-Gln-Arg-Glu-Leu results in a mutant with the seque

Nezavi [6.7K]

Answer:

This question lacks options, however, it can be answered based on general understanding of the topic

The answer is SUBSTITUTION MUTATION

Explanation:

A mutation is any change that occurs in the nucleotide sequence of a gene. Mutation can be of different types depending on how it occurs. One type of mutation is SUBSTITUTION MUTATION, which is a mutation in which one or more nucleotide base is replaced by another in the sequence.

Nucleotide bases are read in a group of three called CODON. Each of these codons specify amino acid. Hence, if the nucleotide base sequence is altered during mutation, the amino acid sequence is altered likewise. In this case where the original amino acid sequence is: Met-Ala-Gln-Arg-Glu-Leu, the mutation affected the nucleotide bases coding for Arginine (Arg), hence changing it to Glycine (Gly).

This means that a base substitution mutation occured, replacing the amino acid Arginine with Glycine in the mutated sequence.

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Using the sliding flament theory, explain (or draw) the process of sarcomere shortening. Start from the point where calcium woul

Arte-miy333 [17]

Answer:

Calcium binds to troponin C
Troponin T moves tropomyosin and unblocks the binding sites
Myosin heads join to the actin forming cross-bridges
ATP turns into ADP and inorganic phosphate and releases energy
The energy is used to impulse myofilaments slide producing a power stroke
ADP is released and a new ATP joins the myosin heads and breaks the bindings to the actin filament
ATP splits into ADP and phosphate, and the energy produced is accumulated in the myosin heads, starting a new cycle
Z-bands are pulled toward each other, shortening the sarcomere and the I-band, producing muscle fiber contraction.

Explanation:

In rest, the tropomyosin inhibits the attraction strengths between myosin and actin filaments. Contraction initiates when an action potential depolarizes the inner portion of the muscle fiber. Calcium channels activate in the T tubules membrane, releasing <u>calcium into the sarcolemma.</u> At this point, tropomyosin is obstructing binding sites for myosin on the thin filament. When calcium binds to troponin C, troponin T alters the tropomyosin position by moving it and unblocking the binding sites. Myosin heads join to the uncovered actin-binding points forming cross-bridges, and while doing so, ATP turns into ADP and inorganic phosphate, which is released. Myofilaments slide impulsed by chemical energy collected in myosin heads, producing a power stroke. The power stroke initiates when the myosin cross-bridge binds to actin. As they slide, ADP molecules are released. A new ATP links to myosin heads and breaks the bindings to the actin filament. Then ATP splits into ADP and phosphate, and the energy produced is accumulated in the myosin heads, which starts a new binding cycle to actin. Finally, Z-bands are pulled toward each other, shortening the sarcomere and the I-band, producing muscle fiber contraction.