They transfer energy parallel to the wave
The correct answer is rapids and waterfalls.
Rapids refers to the segments of streams with extensively vigorous currents, various obstacles, and steps in their streambeds. A waterfall refers to a vertical drop in a stream bed. Both are the locations of vigorous erosion.
The rapids are generally produced where the resilient bedrock limits a stream to a narrow channel and forces an enhancement in the velocity of water.
On the other hand, waterfalls are produced where the fast-flowing water negotiates a geologic contact amid the more resilient and less resistant layers of rock, or through a fault, which has analogized distinct kinds of rocks. Or it can be said that waterfalls usually produce at the end of a series of rapids.
Answer: they damage proteins and DNA
<span>Oxidative stress and other cell processes induce the formation of highly reactive aldehydes that react directly with DNA of a microbial organism, forming aldehyde-derived DNA </span>adducts lead to proteins and DNA damage. DNA damage causes deregulation of cell homeostasis and thus contributes to the disease phenotype.
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